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What did ancient Europeans eat between 10,000 BC and 3000 BC? In the Mesolithic era, the hunter gatherers of Europe were thriving in a range of environments across the Continent. From 7,000 BC Neolithic farmers spread across Europe bringing a new way of life, new languages, beliefs and social structures. Then around 3,000 BC, another great change came with the spread of cattle and horse herders from their homelands on the Pontic steppe all the way to the furthest corners of Europe, heralding the beginning of the European bronze age.
These three eras saw huge social, linguistic, and genetic changes but what exactly did prehistoric Europeans eat?
*Artwork*
Artistic reconstructions of the ancient European people are by The Beaker Lady in collaboration with The Chad Pastoralist.
For more reconstructions and information about early Indo-European culture, history, and genetics, please follow their work on Instagram:
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*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony:
The Rise of Bronze Age Society - K. Kristiansen & T. B. Larsson:
The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective - Stephen Shennan:
Plant Use in the Mesolithic: Evidence from Staosnaig, Isle of Colonsay, Scotland - Steven Mithen (1999)
Irish Cepaea nemoralis Land Snails Have a Cryptic Franco-Iberian Origin That Is Most Easily Explained by the Movements of Mesolithic Humans – Grindon & Davison (2013)
Plant Use in the Mesolithic and its Role in the Transition to Farming – Zvelebil (1994)
Hazelnut economy of early Holocene hunter gatherers: a case study from Mesolithic Duvensee, northern Germany – Holst (2010)
Experimental archaeological exploration of Mesolithic techniques for hazelnut roasting – Lage (2011)
A drowned Mesolithic shell midden complex at Hjarnø Vesterhoved, Denmark and its wider significance – Astrup et al (2021)
A late Mesolithic shell midden at Kilnatierny – Murray (2011)
Diet and Mobility in the Corded Ware of Central Europe - Sjögre, Price, Kristiansen – (2016)
(and more)
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*Video Chapters*
00:00 What did ancient people eat?
01:25 Video Sponsorship
02:56 The Mesolithic Diet
06:24 Mesolithic Hazelnut Processing
07:50 Mesolithic Proto-Farming
11:38 The Neolithic Diet
13:29 Neolithic Dairy Consumption
14:57 A Fish Eating Taboo?
16:49 Neolithic Feasting
18:05 What did Steppe Herders eat?
20:16 Broader Bronze Age Diets
![The Delicious Diets of Prehistoric Europe (Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age) [7fLxs0hz]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Ua73pLSm0VQ/sddefault.jpg)
The Healthy Habits Kelly Clarkson Swears By for Weight Loss Success
Fueling Her Fitness Journey: Nutrition and Hydration Secrets Revealed
Kelly Clarkson is a testament to what dedication, hard work, and the right habits can achieve. To maintain her stunning figure, she relies on simple yet effective weight loss strategies that make everyday life more manageable. One of her most significant success factors is staying hydrated throughout the day.
Water intake plays an essential role in our overall health, including weight loss journeys like Kelly's. Staying properly hydrated supports a faster metabolism and can lead to increased satiety levels when paired with balanced meals (source: Mayo Clinic). Clarkson emphasizes drinking plenty of water before meals to help suppress appetite and kickstart digestion efficiently.
Unlocking Metabolism for Sustainable Weight Loss
The American singer has mentioned incorporating mindful eating into her daily routine, allowing herself indulgences in moderation while focusing on nutrient-dense foods. By boosting metabolism naturally through dietary changes, exercise routines can be optimized for enhanced weight loss results (source: Harvard Health Publishing).
Maintaining a balanced diet rich in protein, fiber, and healthy fats is key to keeping the body fueled without overindulging calorie-wise. Clarkson often incorporates strength training into her workouts to maintain muscle mass while shedding excess pounds more efficiently.
Aiming for Quality Sleep: Essential for Weight Loss Success
Kelly emphasizes getting adequate sleep as a critical component of maintaining physical health. Poor quality sleep negatively impacts appetite regulation and can disrupt natural weight loss processes (source: American Academy of Sleep Medicine). Adequate rest ensures metabolism functions at optimal levels, helping to burn calories more efficiently throughout the day.
Practicing healthy sleeping habits includes setting consistent bedtimes, avoiding stimulating activities before bedtime, and optimizing a relaxing environment conducive to sleep. Kelly prioritizes these factors in her daily routine for lasting weight loss results.
Healthy Stress Management: Managing Cortisol Levels
The singer has discussed managing stress effectively as crucial for maintaining balance within herself - whether it's from grueling schedules or everyday personal issues. Chronic stress negatively affects overall health, including metabolism and body composition (source: National Institute of Mental Health).
Kelly utilizes a combination of physical exercise routines that help reduce cortisol levels and promote relaxation, alongside mindful breathing practices to manage her emotional well-being.
Breaking Down Weight Loss Plateaus
No one is immune to hitting setbacks along the journey. Kelly Clarkson finds herself experiencing frustrations during periods where she doesn't see immediate results on the scale or in body composition changes. At such times, reassessing dietary habits for optimal balance while incorporating strength training and cardiovascular exercises helps break plateaus effectively.
For lasting success like Kelly's - balancing daily routines with an emphasis on healthy eating, quality sleep, managing stress levels, staying hydrated and boosting metabolism through balanced diets can lead the way to a slimmer you.
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